Cervical cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when cells in the cervix grow uncontrollably and proliferate abnormally. The most common cause is sexually transmitted infection with the human papillomavirus ( HPV ).

Symptoms of cervical cancer include vaginal bleeding during or after sexual intercourse, painful and much longer periods than normal, bleeding outside of menstrual periods and after menopause, thick and foul-smelling vaginal discharge, pain in the pelvic area and unintentional weight loss.

Approximately 2% of women may develop cervical cancer at some point in their lives, but the risk of developing this type of cancer can be significantly reduced through preventive measures such as regular health checkups, cervical cancer vaccination and screening tests.

Cervical cancer is a serious health problem affecting the female reproductive system. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment can achieve successful outcomes. One of these treatments is cervical cancer surgery.

What is Cervical Cancer?

Cervical cancer is a type of cancer that occurs in the mouth of the uterus. The cervix is ​​the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina. This cancer usually develops as a result of infection with a virus called Human Papillomavirus ( HPV ). HPV is a common sexually transmitted virus.

It may not cause any symptoms in the early stages. In later stages, symptoms include vaginal bleeding outside of menstrual periods or after menopause, pain and bleeding during or after intercourse, foul-smelling vaginal discharge, and pelvic pain.

Risk factors for cervical cancer include:

• HPV infection
• Early sexual intercourse
• Multiple sexual partners
• Smoke
• Weak immune system

To protect yourself from cervical cancer, it is necessary to get vaccinated against HPV, have regular pap smear tests and gynecological check-ups, and practice safe sexual intercourse.

What are the Types of Cervical Cancer?

Cervical cancer is classified into two main types:

Squamous Cell Carcinoma:

• It is the most common type.
• It begins in the thin, flat cells that line the outer surface of the cervix.
• It is often associated with HPV (human papillomavirus) infection.

Adenocarcinoma:

• It is seen more rarely.
• It originates from the gland cells in the inner part of the cervix.
• Although related to HPV, it can be more difficult to detect because it develops in the lining of the cervix.

Other Rare Species:

• Adenosquamous Carcinoma: It combines features of squamous cell carcinoma and adenoma.
• Small Cell Carcinoma: It is quite rare and aggressive.
• Neuroendocrine Tumors: These are rare and rapidly progressive types.

It is possible to significantly reduce the risk of cervical cancer with early diagnosis and regular screening (Pap smear and HPV test).

What is Cervical Cancer Surgery?

Cervical cancer treatment varies depending on the stage of the cancer and the patient's overall health. Treatment methods include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. Cervical cancer surgery is a treatment method that involves surgically removing cancerous tissue. The extent of the surgery is determined by considering the cancer stage, the patient's overall health, and other factors. Surgery is generally more effective in the early stages of the disease.

Types of Cervical Surgery

Different types of surgery can be performed in the treatment of cervical cancer:

1. Conization: This procedure involves removing the cervix in a cone-shaped shape, performed in the early stages. It is generally preferred in patients who desire fertility.
2. Hysterectomy: This is the complete removal of the uterus. It can be performed as a total hysterectomy (removal of the uterus and cervix) or a radical hysterectomy (removal of the uterus, cervix, upper part of the vagina, and surrounding tissues).
3. Pelvic Exenteration: This is a comprehensive cervical cancer surgery performed in advanced stages of cancer. Neighboring organs such as the uterus, cervix, bladder, and rectum may also be removed.
4. Lymph Node Dissection: The removal of lymph nodes to determine the extent of cancer spread and to remove cancerous tissue.

Cervical Cancer Surgery Process

1. Preparation: A comprehensive examination and tests are performed before surgery. The type of anesthesia is determined, and the patient is informed before the surgery.
2. Surgery: The surgeon performs the specified surgical procedure. The duration of the surgery varies depending on the extent of the procedure.
3. Afterward: After surgery, the patient may be monitored in intensive care. Painkillers and antibiotics are administered in the first few days. The length of hospital stay varies depending on the type of surgery.

 The Healing Process

The recovery period after surgery depends on the patient's overall health and the extent of the surgery. Here are some things to consider:

• Rest: Heavy physical activity should be avoided for the first few weeks.
• Stitch Care: Care should be taken to ensure the hygiene of the surgical area.
• Check-ups: Regular doctor check-ups should not be neglected.
• Psychological Support: Psychological support can be obtained if necessary.

Cervical cancer surgery is an effective treatment method for controlling the disease and improving quality of life. Early diagnosis, regular screening tests, and doctor's visits are the cornerstones of a successful treatment process. Contact Özel Magnet Hospital today to schedule your screening tests.