Infertility is the inability of a couple to conceive despite regular sexual intercourse for a year. Infertility is a medical condition that affects an individual's ability to conceive.

For women , infertility can be caused by many different things. It's often caused by problems with ovulation.

Conditions such as non-functioning ovaries, eggs not being released regularly, or blocked tubes reduce the chance of conception.

For men, infertility is often caused by problems with sperm production or sperm transport. Conditions such as dysfunctional testicles, low sperm count or motility, or blocked sperm transport ducts can also cause infertility.

Some couples can resolve infertility through treatments such as in vitro fertilization (IVF) or other reproductive technologies. However, in some cases, infertility cannot be treated or resolved, and couples are unable to conceive.

Infertility and sterility can be caused by many factors. Factors such as age, obesity, smoking, alcohol consumption, stress, medication use, infections, and hormonal imbalances can increase the risk of infertility. Therefore, it is important for couples planning a pregnancy to adopt a healthy lifestyle and visit their doctor regularly.

What are the symptoms of infertility in women?

Symptoms of infertility in women are often subtle and can only be detected through a doctor's examination.

Irregular menstrual cycles: Irregular or infrequent menstrual cycles are one of the most common signs of female infertility. This may be a sign of a problem with ovulation.

Painful menstrual cycles: Experiencing severe pain during your period can be another sign of infertility. This may be caused by a condition like endometriosis.

Vaginal bleeding: Bleeding that occurs outside of your menstrual cycle can be a sign of infertility in women. This may be caused by a problem such as ovarian cysts or polyps.

Liquid discharge: When there is a problem with the hormonal changes necessary for the fertilized egg to implant in the uterine wall, women may experience liquid discharge.

Ovulation symptoms: Ovulation symptoms are a common symptom of female infertility. These symptoms can include abdominal pain, watery discharge, breast tenderness, and vaginal bleeding.

Hormonal issues: An imbalance in hormones such as thyroid , prolactin, or FSH can be a cause of infertility in women.

Pain during intercourse: Pain during intercourse can be another symptom of female infertility. This may be caused by a condition such as cervical cancer or pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).

Symptoms of infertility in women can be caused by many different factors in addition to those mentioned on this list.

What are the symptoms of male infertility?

Low sperm count: Low sperm count is one of the most common causes of male infertility. A normal sperm count is between 20 million and 150 million per milliliter. A number below this number can be a cause of infertility.

Inadequate sperm motility: Sperm motility is as important as sperm count. Sperm with low motility may not be able to pass through the cervix before fertilizing the egg.

Poor sperm quality: Problems with sperm shape and size can be another cause of male infertility.

Erectile dysfunction: Erectile dysfunction can affect sperm production and be another cause of male infertility.

Hormonal issues with sperm production: Hormonal imbalances can affect sperm production and cause male infertility. Pituitary gland problems, in particular, are one of the most common causes of these problems.

Varicocele: A varicocele occurs when there is a problem with blood flow to the testicles. This can be a cause of male infertility.

Testicular trauma: Damage to the testicles can be another cause of infertility in men.

Signs of infertility in men are clearly visible, but most of the symptoms depend on factors such as sperm count, motility and quality.

How is Infertility Diagnosed?

For infertility to be diagnosed, a couple must have had regular, unprotected intercourse for more than a year without conceiving. The steps to be followed for infertility diagnosis are as follows:

• Medical history and physical examination: Diagnosing infertility requires a medical history and physical examination of the couple. This process takes into account factors such as the man's and woman's health history, medication use, surgical history, and family history.
• Ovulation tests: Tracking a woman's ovulation cycle is important for diagnosing infertility. Tests such as ultrasound and hormone tests are used for this purpose.
• Semen analysis: To diagnose male infertility, a semen analysis is required to measure factors such as sperm count, motility, and shape.
• Fallopian tube and uterine tests: A hysterosalpingogram or laparoscopy may be performed to determine whether the fallopian tubes are open. These tests can also be used to assess the condition of the uterus.
• Other tests: In some cases, other tests may be done to diagnose infertility, such as thyroid function tests, genetic tests, or laparoscopy.

Infertility Treatment Options

Medication: If hormonal imbalances are the cause of infertility, medication may be used. This treatment is used to increase ovulation in women or to increase sperm production in men.

Surgery: Problems such as varicoceles or blocked fallopian tubes can be treated surgically. Surgery can also be used to treat male infertility by improving sperm motility.

In vitro fertilization (IVF): In vitro fertilization is a procedure that involves fertilizing a woman's eggs in a laboratory setting. The embryos are then implanted into the uterus. IVF can be used if a woman has blocked fallopian tubes or if a man has problems such as low sperm count or motility.

Egg freezing: Women can freeze their eggs for future use. This can be especially helpful for women at risk of losing their fertility due to factors such as cancer treatment.

Donor egg or sperm: Donor eggs or sperm can be used when a couple cannot use their own eggs or sperm.

Infertility treatment can vary depending on the underlying cause. A range of treatment options are available, including medication, surgery, in vitro fertilization, egg freezing, or donor egg/sperm. Treatment success can vary depending on the underlying cause, the couple's age and health, and their response to treatment.

Can Infertility Be Treated with Herbal Methods?

Because infertility is a serious health issue, the use of herbal treatments is not recommended. This is because infertility problems often stem from underlying medical conditions, which cannot be addressed with herbal treatments. Furthermore, due to insufficient research on the effectiveness and safety of herbal products, their use can be dangerous in some cases.

It's known that some herbs, particularly those that disrupt hormonal balance in women, can be harmful to women trying to conceive. For example, some herbs, such as cinnamon and yarrow , can make it difficult to conceive. Therefore, it's safer and more likely that couples experiencing infertility seek medical advice and seek conventional treatment rather than herbal remedies.

Is Infertility Congenital or Genetic?

It can be a congenital or acquired condition. Congenital infertility may be due to genetic factors. For example, congenital anatomical abnormalities, genetic disorders, or endocrine disorders may be the causes of infertility.

However, most cases of infertility are acquired and are more commonly caused by hormonal imbalances, infections, environmental factors, stress, poor nutrition, or lifestyle factors. Certain diseases or medications can also cause infertility.

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the ways to prevent infertility?

• Adopt a healthy lifestyle: A healthy diet, regular exercise, and avoiding stress can help maintain hormonal balance. It's important to avoid smoking and alcohol, as these substances can cause infertility.
• Be careful with medications: Some medications, especially chemotherapy drugs and some antibiotics, can cause infertility. Therefore, it's important to consult your doctor before using any medication.
• Protect yourself from sexually transmitted infections (STIs): Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are infections that can cause infertility. Avoiding unprotected sex and getting regular sexual health checkups can help detect infections early.
• Avoid environmental toxins: Chemicals, radiation, and other environmental toxins can cause infertility. Therefore, it's important to take precautions when working with chemicals and protecting yourself from radiation.
• Be of the right age to get pregnant: Women may have difficulty getting pregnant after the age of 35. Therefore, it is important to take appropriate steps to get pregnant during your childbearing years.
• Early diagnosis and treatment: Infertility problems can be treated if diagnosed early. Therefore, it's important to attend regular checkups and get the necessary tests for early diagnosis.

What are the factors that increase the risk of infertility?

Infertility is a condition that affects a couple's ability to conceive. Many factors increase the risk of infertility. Some common infertility risk factors include:

• Age: Advancing age in women can have a significant impact on fertility. Women's fertility potential decreases with age, while the risk of pregnancy complications and miscarriage increases. In men, aging can also negatively impact sperm quality and count.
• Problems in women's reproductive organs: Uterine or ovarian problems such as intrauterine adhesions, polyps, fibroids, and endometriosis can increase the risk of infertility in women.
• Sperm quality in men: Factors such as low sperm count, low sperm motility, or sperm morphology in men can negatively impact the ability to achieve pregnancy.
• Poor lifestyle factors: Lifestyle factors such as smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, drug use, obesity and irregular diet can increase the risk of infertility.
• Chronic diseases: Chronic health problems such as diabetes, thyroid problems, and polycystic ovary syndrome can increase the risk of infertility.
• Infections: Sexually transmitted infections (for example, chlamydia or gonorrhea) can cause damage to the reproductive organs, increasing the risk of infertility.
• Medications and treatments: Some medications and treatments (such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy) can have negative effects on fertility.
• Genetic factors: Some genetic disorders can lead to fertility problems.

What are the Plants that Treat Infertility?

There's no definitive scientific evidence that herbs naturally treat infertility or increase pregnancy chances. However, some herbs are thought to have positive effects on reproductive health and may play a role in supporting fertility. Some popular herbs include:

• Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum): Fenugreek contains natural estrogen-like compounds and may help balance estrogen levels. Some studies suggest it may have positive effects on fertility.
• Carob (Ceratonia siliqua): Carob may help support hormonal balance due to its naturally high fiber content and low glycemic index. It is also thought to help improve sperm quality and prevent intrauterine adhesions.
• Juniper (Juniperus communis): Juniper is a plant believed to have positive effects on the reproductive system. It is known for its diuretic properties and can cleanse the kidneys, prevent urinary tract infections, and reduce inflammation in the reproductive organs.
• Nettle (Urtica dioica): Nettle is a plant rich in iron, calcium, and other essential minerals. It's rich in nutrients that support reproductive health and can help maintain hormonal balance.
• Sage (Salvia officinalis): Sage is an herb with antioxidant properties and may help naturally balance estrogen levels. There is some research suggesting it may have positive effects on fertility, but definitive evidence is lacking.

It's important to be careful when using these herbs. It's especially important to consult a professional about herbal use before or during pregnancy. The effects of herbs can vary from person to person, and some herbs can have side effects or interactions. It's important to consult a professional before using herbal supplements or herbal teas, taking into account your health and current medications.

At What Age Do Infertility Symptoms Appear?

Infertility symptoms generally become more noticeable in women aged 40 and older . However, it can develop at any age. Some symptoms can also appear at a younger age:

• In women:
• Menstrual irregularities: There may be abnormal changes in monthly periods.
• Painful intercourse or pelvic pain .
• Frequent miscarriages or inability to become pregnant.
• Hormonal imbalances (e.g., excessive hair growth, acne).
• As age increases, fertility loss becomes more pronounced.

• In men:
• Decrease in sperm count: After the age of 35, there may be a decrease in sperm production.
• Lack of sexual desire or erectile dysfunction .
• Pain or enlargement in the testicles .

How Long Does It Take for Infertility Symptoms to Go Away?

Infertility is a condition, not a disease, so there's no such thing as "going away." Infertility symptoms can often be improved by treating the fertility issues themselves, such as:

• In women, symptoms can be controlled by improving menstrual cycles or treating ovulation problems .
• In men, the effects of infertility symptoms may be reduced when sperm quality is improved and lifestyle changes are made.

Depending on the treatment, infertility symptoms may disappear completely or be managed with treatment. However, the treatment process is individualized and can be lengthy. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are crucial for successful treatment.

How is Infertility Treatment Done?

Infertility treatment varies depending on the couple's cause of infertility and the severity of the condition. Treatment options can be broadly categorized as follows:

• Lifestyle Changes:
• A healthy diet and regular exercise can help maintain hormonal balance.
• Not smoking and limiting alcohol consumption may help prevent infertility.

• Drug Therapy:
• Hormone therapies: In women, medications used to regulate ovulation (for example, clomiphene citrate or gonadotropins ) are often used to treat infertility. In men, medications to increase sperm production may be used.
• Egg cracking shot: These are medications used to trigger ovulation.

• In Vitro Fertilization (IVF): If medication doesn't work or if the fallopian tubes are blocked, advanced treatment methods like IVF (in vitro fertilization) may be considered. With this method, eggs are collected in a laboratory, fertilized with sperm, and the embryo is placed in the uterus.
• IUI (Intrauterine Sperm Injection): The man's sperm is injected directly into the uterus. This method can be used in cases of poor sperm quality or partial blockage of the fallopian tubes.
• Surgical Intervention: In women, conditions such as fallopian tube blockage, intrauterine anomalies, or endometriosis can be treated with surgery. In men, conditions such as varicocele can be corrected with surgical procedures.

What is the Success Rate in Infertility Treatment?

The success rate of treatment varies depending on the individual's health, treatment method, and the cause of infertility. The success rate for IVF treatment is generally around 30-40%, but this rate varies depending on factors such as age, health, and response to treatment.

Are Genetic Tests Performed in Infertility Treatment?

Yes, genetic testing can be used in some cases to treat infertility. This testing is particularly helpful for women who have had repeated miscarriages or couples with male sperm problems. These tests are used to identify genetic disorders or karyotype abnormalities associated with infertility.

What Are the Chances of Getting Pregnant After Infertility Treatment?

The chances of conceiving after infertility treatment depend on the treatment method and the individual's health. The success rate for IVF is generally around 30-40%, but this rate can vary depending on age, response to treatment, and the cause of infertility.

What are the Prices for Infertility Treatment?

Infertility treatment prices can vary depending on many factors. The cost of treatment is determined by the patient's condition, treatment plan, methods used, success rate, and any additional requirements. At Private Ankara Magnet Hospital, our infertility specialists will provide comprehensive information on diagnosis and treatment options. For more information or to schedule an appointment, please visit Private Ankara Magnet Hospital or call our hotline at 0 312 212 80 80 .

Does Social Security Cover Infertility Treatment?

In Türkiye, the Social Security Institution (SGK) covers infertility treatments under certain conditions. However, the services and conditions provided by SGK under infertility treatment may change from time to time.

Where can I find a good infertility doctor and hospitals that provide infertility treatment in Ankara?

If you're looking for a good doctor who provides infertility treatment in Ankara, there are a few key steps you can take to make the right choice. First, you should research experienced Gynecologists and Obstetricians. Learning about patients' previous experiences, their communication skills, and their success rates can also help you make a decision. Furthermore, the hospital's technological infrastructure and the quality of surgical equipment play a significant role in the surgical process. Private Ankara Magnet Hospital is a healthcare facility known for its experienced doctors specializing in infertility treatments. If you'd like to learn more about treatment and choose a suitable doctor, you can visit Ankara Magnet Hospital and schedule an appointment with one of its specialists.

February, 2025